Meet your default python
You are on Mac OS. When you run python in your terminal you see this. You have Python 2.7.10.
This is your default python. You can do things like add 8+8 or print things with print 12345
Meet your modules
From your interpreter you can see your available modules by asking for “help”
> help("modules)"
Note that you have a bunch of modules – including “antigravity”!!! Try it!
> import antigravity
But where are these modules?
For this you need to import the “sys” module – which gives you access to the “system” – and print your “path” – which will print *most* of the folders that python will search for your modules.
import sys
print(sys.path)
* Note: if you ls into any of these folders, you will find a bunch of modules
Wait, every tutorial and most companies now uses Python version 3x
Most tutorials will tell you to brew install python to get the latest version of python.
Brew install walkthrough
the main job of brew is to make it easier to install packages to your mac
Step 1: download Homebrew
brew hosts its package information here as “formulae“. (get it? a brew formula?)
*Note that the python package is version 3.70 as of today.
This entire list is simply a list of packages with additional information including where to download it.
So what happens when I run brew install?
When you run the command, brew will look for the package in the formulae list and run the installation script for the package.
Brew installs *all* packages into its own directory at /usr/local/Cellar .
Take a look with $ ls /usr/local/Cellar.
After installation, brew creates a symlink which is basically a shortcut that will allow your system to run the new command
Step 2: $ brew install python --verbose
* Note this line that symlinks Cellar/python/3.7.0/bin/python3 with python3
Wait, not all libraries use the latest version of python.
As of today, tensorflow DOES NOT support version 3.7. Can I downgrade my python version with brew?
Well, not easily… if you already have the older version downloaded, you can run brew switch python #.#.
But if you don’t have it downloaded, you’ll need to revert brew and do unrecommended stuff.
So how do I juggle versions of python?
pyenv walkthrough
The main job of pyenv is to manage which version of python you prefer to run.
How?
pyenv prepends a directory to your $PATH variable and hijacks every python or pip command you run. Then it tries to find your “preferred” python version to run.
How does it know my preferred version?
pyenv will first check the PYENV_VERSION environment variable (if set), then will move onto finding a .python-version file in the current directory, then look in the parent directory, then that parents directory, all the way up to the root. If it doesn’t find that file, it will search for a $(pyenv root)/version file and if it doesn’t find that, it will simply use your “system” python.
Step 1: brew install pyenv
Step 2: add the pyenv init command to your .bash_profile with this command
$ echo -e 'if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then\n eval "$(pyenv init -)"\nfi' >> ~/.bash_profile
Step 3: run your bash profile to make sure the changes propagate
source ~/.bash_profile
Now, if you run python you will see that you are still on version 2.7.10 (or whatever your system python was from the start). This is because you have not yet set your preferred python anywhere else, and the search landed on your system python.
Use pyenv install --list to list all available python versions
Step 4: install a version of python that works with your favorite library
$ pyenv install 3.5.5
* I’m choosing 3.5.5 which I believe is the latest compatible with tensorflow
Step 5: create a .python-version file in your project
$ echo 3.5.5 > .python-version
Step 6: run python
$ python
Bonus Points:
You will eventually want to manage your package versions
Step 1: create a virtual environment in a directory we’ll call env (you can choose any name)
$ virtualenv env --system-site-packages -p `pyenv which python`
Step 2: activate your environment
$ source env/bin/activate
Now, anytime you run pip install anything all of your packages will be downloaded into your new env folder without being installed in your global python.
Step 3: pip install to your hearts desire
pip install --upgrade tensorflow
